The syntax of parent axis is given below: Syntax: For all other element nodes, the parent axis contains a maximum of one node. Therefore, when the current node is root node, the parent axis is empty. The parent node may be either root node or element node. The parent axis selects the parent of the current node. = 'worldwide_list']//child::a (1 of 1 = 'worldwide_list']//child::a (1 of 1 = 'worldwide_list']//child::a and so on. This expression identified six children nodes using the child axis. We can get the XPath of different children elements according to the requirement by putting ,…………and so on. XPath of all children elements: = 'worldwide_list']//child::a (1 of 6 matched) Now we will find out XPath of children elements of current node using child axis as shown in above figure. XPath of current node: = 'worldwide_list'] First, we will find XPath of the current node. Select all children elements of the current node as shown in the above screen. The syntax of child axis is given below: Syntax:įor example, open webpage, right-click on Yandex.in and go to inspect option as shown below screenshot. It selects all children elements of the current node. The child axis is one of the 13 XPath axes that contains all the child nodes of the current context. An XPath axis is a collection of nodes that satisfy the current navigation criteria. To navigate the hierarchical tree of nodes in an XML document, XPath uses the concept of axes. The XPath specification defines a total of 13 different axes that we will learn in this section.Ī list of 13 XPath axes methods in Selenium WebDriver is as follows:Įach axis contains various nodes that depend on the current node. The node that has the same parent is called siblings. In the above XML document, title and body elements both are siblings.

For example, tr is children of table element, div is the children of body element, table is children of div element. “div” is the parent of the table element.Įlement nodes that may contain zero, one, or more children. For example, “body” is the parent of div element. For example, Automation Testing, TestNG, POM.Įach element and attribute has one parent like father or mother. The node which has no parents or children is called atomic values. XPath contains seven kinds of nodes: element, attribute, text, namespace, processing-instruction, comment, and document nodes. “html” is the root of element node, “title” is an element node. The example of nodes in the XML document above: The topmost element of the tree is called root node. XPath Terminology: Nodes, Atomic values, Parents, Children, SiblingsĭOM represents trees of nodes. Let’s understand some basic XPath terminology before moving XPath axes. The topmost element of the tree is called root element.Īn example of a basic HTML page is shown below screenshot. The text defined between the start tag and end tag is the element content. If an element contains content, whether it is other elements or text, then it must be declared a start tag and an end tag.

XML documents contain one or more element nodes. XPath axes help to find elements based on the element’s relationship with another element in an XML document. The commonly useful XPath axes methods used in Selenium WebDriver are child, parent, ancestor, sibling, preceding, self, namespace, attribute, etc. Axes are so named because they tell about the axis on which elements are lying relative to an element.ĭynamic web elements are those elements on the webpage whose attributes dynamically change on refresh or any other operations.

Selenium following axis